A famous explorer of the mind once asked “Who owns the space between your ears?” As strange as that question might sound, it is one that we each need to deeply consider. Perhaps you’re familiar with the term GIGO? It refers to “garbage in, garbage out,” when referring to computers. Our brains are somewhat analogous. Think of your brain as a computer and your thoughts as programs. Who does the programming?
For most of our lives, our brains are fed data from sources that are not, in all instances, unbiased or even credible. In fact, most of the information we receive, especially from mass media, is designed to elicit some desired response from us… such as buying something, be it an idea or a product. Usually this works through by-passing our critical thinking circuits in order for us to accept as true some “reality tunnel” or perspective that does not serve our own best interests, but those of someone other than ourselves.
Our minds have been colonized as part of the final frontier for imperialistic forces to plunder for their amusement and profit. (Sounds crazy, doesn’t it?) Well, for those who think such a state of affairs impossible and merely another bit of science-fiction, it’s time to pull out your ear plugs and tear off your eye shades. If you’re already a Free Thinker, I salute you. If you’re not sure what that means. You’re in the right neighborhood.
I hope that you’ll take the time to not only visit some of the very many links you’ll find here, but will return here to comment with whatever thoughts you’d like to share for the edification and freedom of others. Remember this…
Before we can transform the world, we must first transform ourselves. In order to do this, we must De-colonize our thinking and be free to think. The REVOLUTION BEGINS IN YOUR MIND.~John Martin
Saturday, April 11, 2009
Friday, April 10, 2009
The Great Turning
The Great Turning: From Empire to Earth Community
by David Korten
By what name will future generations know our time? Will they speak in anger and frustration of the time of the Great Unraveling, when profligate consumption exceeded Earth's capacity to sustain and led to an accelerating wave of collapsing environmental systems, violent competition for what remained of the planet's resources, and a dramatic dieback of the human population? Or will they look back in joyful celebration on the time of the Great Turning, when their forebears embraced the higher-order potential of their human nature, turned crisis into opportunity, and learned to live in creative partnership with one another and Earth?
A defining choice
We face a defining choice between two contrasting models for organizing human affairs. Give them the generic names Empire and Earth Community. Absent an understanding of the history and implications of this choice, we may squander valuable time and resources on efforts to preserve or mend cultures and institutions that cannot be fixed and must be replaced.
Empire organizes by domination at all levels, from relations among nations to relations among family members. Empire brings fortune to the few, condemns the majority to misery and servitude, suppresses the creative potential of all, and appropriates much of the wealth of human societies to maintain the institutions of domination.
Earth Community, by contrast, organizes by partnership, unleashes the human potential for creative co-operation, and shares resources and surpluses for the good of all. Supporting evidence for the possibilities of Earth Community comes from the findings of quantum physics, evolutionary biology, developmental psychology, anthropology, archaeology, and religious mysticism. It was the human way before Empire; we must make a choice to re-learn how to live by its principles.
Developments distinctive to our time are telling us that Empire has reached the limits of the exploitation that people and Earth will sustain. A mounting perfect economic storm born of a convergence of peak oil, climate change, and an imbalanced U.S. economy dependent on debts it can never repay is poised to bring a dramatic restructuring of every aspect of modern life. We have the power to choose, however, whether the consequences play out as a terminal crisis or an epic opportunity. The Great Turning is not a prophecy. It is a possibility.
A turn from life
According to cultural historian Riane Eisler, early humans evolved within a cultural and institutional frame of Earth Community. They organized to meet their needs by cooperating with life rather than by dominating it. Then some 5,000 years ago, beginning in Mesopotamia, our ancestors made a tragic turn from Earth Community to Empire. They turned away from a reverence for the generative power of life—represented by female gods or nature spirits—to a reverence for hierarchy and the power of the sword—represented by distant, usually male, gods.
The wisdom of the elder and the priestess gave way to the arbitrary rule of the powerful, often ruthless, king.
Paying the price
The peoples of the dominant human societies lost their sense of attachment to the living earth, and societies became divided between the rulers and the ruled, exploiters and exploited. The brutal competition for power created a relentless play-or-die, rule-or-be-ruled dynamic of violence and oppression and served to elevate the most ruthless to the highest positions of power. Since the fateful turn, the major portion of the resources available to human societies has been diverted from meeting the needs of life to supporting the military forces, prisons, palaces, temples, and patronage for retainers and propagandists on which the system of domination in turn depends. Great civilizations built by ambitious rulers fell to successive waves of corruption and conquest.
The primary institutional form of Empire has morphed from the city-state to the nation-state to the global corporation, but the underlying pattern of domination remains. It is axiomatic: for a few to be on top, many must be on the bottom. The powerful control and institutionalize the processes by which it will be decided who enjoys the privilege and who pays the price, a choice that commonly results in arbitrarily excluding from power whole groups of persons based on race and gender.
Troubling truths
Herein lies a crucial insight. If we look for the source of the social pathologies increasingly evident in our culture, we find they have a common origin in the dominator relations of Empire that have survived largely intact in spite of the democratic reforms of the past two centuries. The sexism, racism, economic injustice, violence, and environmental destruction that have plagued human societies for 5,000 years, and have now brought us to the brink of a potential terminal crisis, all flow from this common source. Freeing ourselves from these pathologies depends on a common solution—replacing the underlying dominator cultures and institutions of Empire with the partnership cultures and institutions of Earth Community. Unfortunately, we cannot look to imperial powerholders to lead the way.
Beyond denial
History shows that as empires crumble the ruling elites become ever more corrupt and ruthless in their drive to secure their own power—a dynamic now playing out in the United States. We Americans base our identity in large measure on the myth that our nation has always embodied the highest principles of democracy, and is devoted to spreading peace and justice to the world.
But there has always been tension between America's high ideals and its reality as a modern version of Empire. The freedom promised by the Bill of Rights contrasts starkly with the enshrinement of slavery elsewhere in the original articles of the Constitution. The protection of property, an idea central to the American dream, stands in contradiction to the fact that our nation was built on land taken by force from Native Americans. Although we consider the vote to be the hallmark of our democracy, it took nearly 200 years before that right was extended to all citizens.
Americans acculturated to the ideals of America find it difficult to comprehend what our rulers are doing, most of which is at odds with notions of egalitarianism, justice, and democracy. Within the frame of historical reality, it is perfectly clear: they are playing out the endgame of Empire, seeking to consolidate power through increasingly authoritarian and anti-democratic policies.
Wise choices necessarily rest on a foundation of truth. The Great Turning depends on awakening to deep truths long denied.
Cultural Turning
The Great Turning begins with a cultural and spiritual awakening—a turning in cultural values from money and material excess to life and spiritual fulfillment, from a belief in our limitations to a belief in our possibilities, and from fearing our differences to rejoicing in our diversity. It requires reframing the cultural stories by which we define our human nature, purpose, and possibilities.
Economic Turning
The values shift of the cultural turning leads us to redefine wealth—to measure it by the health of our families, communities, and natural environment. It leads us from policies that raise those at the top to policies that raise those at the bottom, from hoarding to sharing, from concentrated to distributed ownership, and from the rights of ownership to the responsibilities of stewardship.
Political Turning
The economic turning creates the necessary conditions for a turn from a one-dollar, one-vote democracy to a one-person, one-vote democracy, from passive to active citizenship, from competition for individual advantage to cooperation for mutual advantage, from retributive justice to restorative justice, and from social order by coercion to social order by mutual responsibility and accountability.
Global awakening
Empire's true believers maintain that the inherent flaws in our human nature lead to a natural propensity to greed, violence, and lust for power. Social order and material progress depend, therefore, on imposing elite rule and market discipline to channel these dark tendencies to positive ends. Psychologists who study the developmental pathways of the individual consciousness observe a more complex reality. Just as we grow up in our physical capacities and potential given proper physical nourishment and exercise, we also grow up in the capacities and potential of our consciousness, given proper social and emotional nourishment and exercise.
Over a lifetime, those who enjoy the requisite emotional support traverse a pathway from the narcissistic, undifferentiated magical consciousness of the newborn to the fully mature, inclusive, and multidimensional spiritual consciousness of the wise elder. The lower, more narcissistic, orders of consciousness are perfectly normal for young children, but become sociopathic in adults and are easily encouraged and manipulated by advertisers and demagogues. The higher orders of consciousness are a necessary foundation of mature democracy. Perhaps Empire's greatest tragedy is that its cultures and institutions systematically suppress our progress to the higher orders of consciousness.
Given that Empire has prevailed for 5,000 years, a turn from Empire to Earth Community might seem a hopeless fantasy if not for the evidence from values surveys that a global awakening to the higher levels of human consciousness is already underway. This awakening is driven in part by a communications revolution that defies elite censorship and is breaking down the geographical barriers to intercultural exchange.
The consequences of the awakening are manifest in the civil rights, women's, environmental, peace, and other social movements. These movements in turn gain energy from the growing leadership of women, communities of color, and indigenous peoples, and from a shift in the demographic balance in favor of older age groups more likely to have achieved the higher-order consciousness of the wise elder.
It is fortuitous that we humans have achieved the means to make a collective choice as a species to free ourselves from Empire's seemingly inexorable compete-or-die logic at the precise moment we face the imperative to do so. The speed at which institutional and technological advances have created possibilities wholly new to the human experience is stunning.
JUST OVER 60 YEARS AGO, we created the United Nations, which, for all its imperfections, made it possible for the first time for representatives of all the world's nations and people to meet in a neutral space to resolve differences through dialogue rather than force of arms.
LESS THAN 50 YEARS AGO, our species ventured into space to look back and see ourselves as one people sharing a common destiny on a living space ship.
IN LITTLE MORE THAN 10 YEARS our communications technologies have given us the ability, should we choose to use it, to link every human on the planet into a seamless web of nearly costless communication and cooperation.
Already our new technological capability has made possible the interconnection of the millions of people who are learning to work as a dynamic, self--directing social organism that transcends boundaries of race, class, religion, and nationality and functions as a shared conscience of the species. We call this social or-ganism global civil society. On February 15, 2003, it brought more than 10 million people to the streets of the world's cities, towns, and villages to call for peace in the face of the buildup to the U.S. invasion of Iraq. They accomplished this monumental collective action without a central organization, budget, or charismatic leader through social processes never before possible on such a scale. This was but a foretaste of the possibilities for radically new forms of partnership organization now within our reach.
Break the silence, end the isolation, change the story
We humans live by stories. The key to making a choice for Earth Community is recognizing that the foundation of Empire's power does not lie in its instruments of physical violence. It lies in Empire's ability to control the stories by which we define ourselves and our possibilities in order to perpetuate the myths on which the legitimacy of the dominator relations of Empire depend. To change the human future, we must change our defining stories.
Story power
For 5,000 years, the ruling class has cultivated, rewarded, and amplified the voices of those storytellers whose stories affirm the righteousness of Empire and deny the higher-order potentials of our nature that would allow us to live with one another in peace and cooperation. There have always been those among us who sense the possibilities of Earth Community, but their stories have been marginalized or silenced by Empire's instruments of intimidation. The stories endlessly repeated by the scribes of Empire become the stories most believed. Stories of more hopeful possibilities go unheard or unheeded and those who discern the truth are unable to identify and support one another in the common cause of truth telling. Fortunately, the new communications technologies are breaking this pattern. As truth-tellers reach a wider audience, the myths of Empire become harder to maintain.
The struggle to define the prevailing cultural stories largely defines contemporary cultural politics in the United States. A far-right alliance of elitist corporate plutocrats and religious theocrats has gained control of the political discourse in the United States not by force of their numbers, which are relatively small, but by controlling the stories by which the prevailing culture defines the pathway to prosperity, security, and meaning. In each instance, the far right's favored versions of these stories affirm the dominator relations of Empire.
THE IMPERIAL PROSPERITY STORY says that an eternally growing economy benefits everyone. To grow the economy, we need wealthy people who can invest in enterprises that create jobs. Thus, we must support the wealthy by cutting their taxes and eliminating regulations that create barriers to accumulating wealth. We must also eliminate welfare programs in order to teach the poor the value of working hard at whatever wages the market offers.
THE IMPERIAL SECURITY STORY tells of a dangerous world, filled with criminals, terrorists, and enemies. The only way to insure our safety is through major expenditures on the military and the police to maintain order by physical force.
THE IMPERIAL MEANING STORY reinforces the other two, featuring a God who rewards righteousness with wealth and power and mandates that they rule over the poor who justly suffer divine punishment for their sins.
These stories all serve to alienate us from the community of life and deny the positive potentials of our nature, while affirming the legitimacy of economic inequality, the use of physical force to maintain imperial order, and the special righteousness of those in power.
It is not enough, as many in the United States are doing, to debate the details of tax and education policies, budgets, war, and trade agreements in search of a positive political agenda. Nor is it enough to craft slogans with broad mass appeal aimed at winning the next election or policy debate. We must infuse the mainstream culture with stories of Earth Community. As the stories of Empire nurture a culture of domination, the stories of Earth Community nurture a culture of partnership. They affirm the positive potentials of our human nature and show that realizing true prosperity, security, and meaning depends on creating vibrant, caring, interlinked communities that support all persons in realizing their full humanity. Sharing the joyful news of our human possibilities through word and action is perhaps the most important aspect of the Great Work of our time.
For Charts Click Here
Changing the prevailing stories in the United States may be easier to accomplish than we might think. The apparent political divisions notwithstanding, U.S. polling data reveal a startling degree of consensus on key issues. Eighty-three percent of Americans believe that as a society the United States is focused on the wrong priorities. Supermajorities want to see greater priority given to children, family, community, and a healthy environment. Americans also want a world that puts people ahead of profits, spiritual values ahead of financial values, and international cooperation ahead of international domination. These Earth Community values are in fact widely shared by both conservatives and liberals.
Our nation is on the wrong course not because Americans have the wrong values. It is on the wrong course because of remnant imperial institutions that give unaccountable power to a small alliance of right-wing extremists who call themselves conservative and claim to support family and community values, but whose preferred economic and social policies constitute a ruthless war against children, families, communities, and the environment.
The distinctive human capacity for reflection and intentional choice carries a corresponding moral responsibility to care for one another and the planet. Indeed, our deepest desire is to live in loving relationships with one another. The hunger for loving families and communities is a powerful, but latent, unifying force and the potential foundation of a winning political coalition dedicated to creating societies that support every person in actualizing his or her highest potential.
In these turbulent and often frightening times, it is important to remind ourselves that we are privileged to live at the most exciting moment in the whole of the human experience. We have the opportunity to turn away from Empire and to embrace Earth Community as a conscious collective choice. We are the ones we have been waiting for.
David Korten is co-founder and board chair of the Positive Futures Network. This article draws from his book, The Great Turning: From Empire to Earth Community. Go to www.yesmagazine.org/greatturning for book excerpts, related articles, David's talks, and resources for action.
http://www.yesmagazine.org/article.asp?ID=1463
by David Korten
By what name will future generations know our time? Will they speak in anger and frustration of the time of the Great Unraveling, when profligate consumption exceeded Earth's capacity to sustain and led to an accelerating wave of collapsing environmental systems, violent competition for what remained of the planet's resources, and a dramatic dieback of the human population? Or will they look back in joyful celebration on the time of the Great Turning, when their forebears embraced the higher-order potential of their human nature, turned crisis into opportunity, and learned to live in creative partnership with one another and Earth?
A defining choice
We face a defining choice between two contrasting models for organizing human affairs. Give them the generic names Empire and Earth Community. Absent an understanding of the history and implications of this choice, we may squander valuable time and resources on efforts to preserve or mend cultures and institutions that cannot be fixed and must be replaced.
Empire organizes by domination at all levels, from relations among nations to relations among family members. Empire brings fortune to the few, condemns the majority to misery and servitude, suppresses the creative potential of all, and appropriates much of the wealth of human societies to maintain the institutions of domination.
Earth Community, by contrast, organizes by partnership, unleashes the human potential for creative co-operation, and shares resources and surpluses for the good of all. Supporting evidence for the possibilities of Earth Community comes from the findings of quantum physics, evolutionary biology, developmental psychology, anthropology, archaeology, and religious mysticism. It was the human way before Empire; we must make a choice to re-learn how to live by its principles.
Developments distinctive to our time are telling us that Empire has reached the limits of the exploitation that people and Earth will sustain. A mounting perfect economic storm born of a convergence of peak oil, climate change, and an imbalanced U.S. economy dependent on debts it can never repay is poised to bring a dramatic restructuring of every aspect of modern life. We have the power to choose, however, whether the consequences play out as a terminal crisis or an epic opportunity. The Great Turning is not a prophecy. It is a possibility.
A turn from life
According to cultural historian Riane Eisler, early humans evolved within a cultural and institutional frame of Earth Community. They organized to meet their needs by cooperating with life rather than by dominating it. Then some 5,000 years ago, beginning in Mesopotamia, our ancestors made a tragic turn from Earth Community to Empire. They turned away from a reverence for the generative power of life—represented by female gods or nature spirits—to a reverence for hierarchy and the power of the sword—represented by distant, usually male, gods.
The wisdom of the elder and the priestess gave way to the arbitrary rule of the powerful, often ruthless, king.
Paying the price
The peoples of the dominant human societies lost their sense of attachment to the living earth, and societies became divided between the rulers and the ruled, exploiters and exploited. The brutal competition for power created a relentless play-or-die, rule-or-be-ruled dynamic of violence and oppression and served to elevate the most ruthless to the highest positions of power. Since the fateful turn, the major portion of the resources available to human societies has been diverted from meeting the needs of life to supporting the military forces, prisons, palaces, temples, and patronage for retainers and propagandists on which the system of domination in turn depends. Great civilizations built by ambitious rulers fell to successive waves of corruption and conquest.
The primary institutional form of Empire has morphed from the city-state to the nation-state to the global corporation, but the underlying pattern of domination remains. It is axiomatic: for a few to be on top, many must be on the bottom. The powerful control and institutionalize the processes by which it will be decided who enjoys the privilege and who pays the price, a choice that commonly results in arbitrarily excluding from power whole groups of persons based on race and gender.
Troubling truths
Herein lies a crucial insight. If we look for the source of the social pathologies increasingly evident in our culture, we find they have a common origin in the dominator relations of Empire that have survived largely intact in spite of the democratic reforms of the past two centuries. The sexism, racism, economic injustice, violence, and environmental destruction that have plagued human societies for 5,000 years, and have now brought us to the brink of a potential terminal crisis, all flow from this common source. Freeing ourselves from these pathologies depends on a common solution—replacing the underlying dominator cultures and institutions of Empire with the partnership cultures and institutions of Earth Community. Unfortunately, we cannot look to imperial powerholders to lead the way.
Beyond denial
History shows that as empires crumble the ruling elites become ever more corrupt and ruthless in their drive to secure their own power—a dynamic now playing out in the United States. We Americans base our identity in large measure on the myth that our nation has always embodied the highest principles of democracy, and is devoted to spreading peace and justice to the world.
But there has always been tension between America's high ideals and its reality as a modern version of Empire. The freedom promised by the Bill of Rights contrasts starkly with the enshrinement of slavery elsewhere in the original articles of the Constitution. The protection of property, an idea central to the American dream, stands in contradiction to the fact that our nation was built on land taken by force from Native Americans. Although we consider the vote to be the hallmark of our democracy, it took nearly 200 years before that right was extended to all citizens.
Americans acculturated to the ideals of America find it difficult to comprehend what our rulers are doing, most of which is at odds with notions of egalitarianism, justice, and democracy. Within the frame of historical reality, it is perfectly clear: they are playing out the endgame of Empire, seeking to consolidate power through increasingly authoritarian and anti-democratic policies.
Wise choices necessarily rest on a foundation of truth. The Great Turning depends on awakening to deep truths long denied.
Cultural Turning
The Great Turning begins with a cultural and spiritual awakening—a turning in cultural values from money and material excess to life and spiritual fulfillment, from a belief in our limitations to a belief in our possibilities, and from fearing our differences to rejoicing in our diversity. It requires reframing the cultural stories by which we define our human nature, purpose, and possibilities.
Economic Turning
The values shift of the cultural turning leads us to redefine wealth—to measure it by the health of our families, communities, and natural environment. It leads us from policies that raise those at the top to policies that raise those at the bottom, from hoarding to sharing, from concentrated to distributed ownership, and from the rights of ownership to the responsibilities of stewardship.
Political Turning
The economic turning creates the necessary conditions for a turn from a one-dollar, one-vote democracy to a one-person, one-vote democracy, from passive to active citizenship, from competition for individual advantage to cooperation for mutual advantage, from retributive justice to restorative justice, and from social order by coercion to social order by mutual responsibility and accountability.
Global awakening
Empire's true believers maintain that the inherent flaws in our human nature lead to a natural propensity to greed, violence, and lust for power. Social order and material progress depend, therefore, on imposing elite rule and market discipline to channel these dark tendencies to positive ends. Psychologists who study the developmental pathways of the individual consciousness observe a more complex reality. Just as we grow up in our physical capacities and potential given proper physical nourishment and exercise, we also grow up in the capacities and potential of our consciousness, given proper social and emotional nourishment and exercise.
Over a lifetime, those who enjoy the requisite emotional support traverse a pathway from the narcissistic, undifferentiated magical consciousness of the newborn to the fully mature, inclusive, and multidimensional spiritual consciousness of the wise elder. The lower, more narcissistic, orders of consciousness are perfectly normal for young children, but become sociopathic in adults and are easily encouraged and manipulated by advertisers and demagogues. The higher orders of consciousness are a necessary foundation of mature democracy. Perhaps Empire's greatest tragedy is that its cultures and institutions systematically suppress our progress to the higher orders of consciousness.
Given that Empire has prevailed for 5,000 years, a turn from Empire to Earth Community might seem a hopeless fantasy if not for the evidence from values surveys that a global awakening to the higher levels of human consciousness is already underway. This awakening is driven in part by a communications revolution that defies elite censorship and is breaking down the geographical barriers to intercultural exchange.
The consequences of the awakening are manifest in the civil rights, women's, environmental, peace, and other social movements. These movements in turn gain energy from the growing leadership of women, communities of color, and indigenous peoples, and from a shift in the demographic balance in favor of older age groups more likely to have achieved the higher-order consciousness of the wise elder.
It is fortuitous that we humans have achieved the means to make a collective choice as a species to free ourselves from Empire's seemingly inexorable compete-or-die logic at the precise moment we face the imperative to do so. The speed at which institutional and technological advances have created possibilities wholly new to the human experience is stunning.
JUST OVER 60 YEARS AGO, we created the United Nations, which, for all its imperfections, made it possible for the first time for representatives of all the world's nations and people to meet in a neutral space to resolve differences through dialogue rather than force of arms.
LESS THAN 50 YEARS AGO, our species ventured into space to look back and see ourselves as one people sharing a common destiny on a living space ship.
IN LITTLE MORE THAN 10 YEARS our communications technologies have given us the ability, should we choose to use it, to link every human on the planet into a seamless web of nearly costless communication and cooperation.
Already our new technological capability has made possible the interconnection of the millions of people who are learning to work as a dynamic, self--directing social organism that transcends boundaries of race, class, religion, and nationality and functions as a shared conscience of the species. We call this social or-ganism global civil society. On February 15, 2003, it brought more than 10 million people to the streets of the world's cities, towns, and villages to call for peace in the face of the buildup to the U.S. invasion of Iraq. They accomplished this monumental collective action without a central organization, budget, or charismatic leader through social processes never before possible on such a scale. This was but a foretaste of the possibilities for radically new forms of partnership organization now within our reach.
Break the silence, end the isolation, change the story
We humans live by stories. The key to making a choice for Earth Community is recognizing that the foundation of Empire's power does not lie in its instruments of physical violence. It lies in Empire's ability to control the stories by which we define ourselves and our possibilities in order to perpetuate the myths on which the legitimacy of the dominator relations of Empire depend. To change the human future, we must change our defining stories.
Story power
For 5,000 years, the ruling class has cultivated, rewarded, and amplified the voices of those storytellers whose stories affirm the righteousness of Empire and deny the higher-order potentials of our nature that would allow us to live with one another in peace and cooperation. There have always been those among us who sense the possibilities of Earth Community, but their stories have been marginalized or silenced by Empire's instruments of intimidation. The stories endlessly repeated by the scribes of Empire become the stories most believed. Stories of more hopeful possibilities go unheard or unheeded and those who discern the truth are unable to identify and support one another in the common cause of truth telling. Fortunately, the new communications technologies are breaking this pattern. As truth-tellers reach a wider audience, the myths of Empire become harder to maintain.
The struggle to define the prevailing cultural stories largely defines contemporary cultural politics in the United States. A far-right alliance of elitist corporate plutocrats and religious theocrats has gained control of the political discourse in the United States not by force of their numbers, which are relatively small, but by controlling the stories by which the prevailing culture defines the pathway to prosperity, security, and meaning. In each instance, the far right's favored versions of these stories affirm the dominator relations of Empire.
THE IMPERIAL PROSPERITY STORY says that an eternally growing economy benefits everyone. To grow the economy, we need wealthy people who can invest in enterprises that create jobs. Thus, we must support the wealthy by cutting their taxes and eliminating regulations that create barriers to accumulating wealth. We must also eliminate welfare programs in order to teach the poor the value of working hard at whatever wages the market offers.
THE IMPERIAL SECURITY STORY tells of a dangerous world, filled with criminals, terrorists, and enemies. The only way to insure our safety is through major expenditures on the military and the police to maintain order by physical force.
THE IMPERIAL MEANING STORY reinforces the other two, featuring a God who rewards righteousness with wealth and power and mandates that they rule over the poor who justly suffer divine punishment for their sins.
These stories all serve to alienate us from the community of life and deny the positive potentials of our nature, while affirming the legitimacy of economic inequality, the use of physical force to maintain imperial order, and the special righteousness of those in power.
It is not enough, as many in the United States are doing, to debate the details of tax and education policies, budgets, war, and trade agreements in search of a positive political agenda. Nor is it enough to craft slogans with broad mass appeal aimed at winning the next election or policy debate. We must infuse the mainstream culture with stories of Earth Community. As the stories of Empire nurture a culture of domination, the stories of Earth Community nurture a culture of partnership. They affirm the positive potentials of our human nature and show that realizing true prosperity, security, and meaning depends on creating vibrant, caring, interlinked communities that support all persons in realizing their full humanity. Sharing the joyful news of our human possibilities through word and action is perhaps the most important aspect of the Great Work of our time.
For Charts Click Here
Changing the prevailing stories in the United States may be easier to accomplish than we might think. The apparent political divisions notwithstanding, U.S. polling data reveal a startling degree of consensus on key issues. Eighty-three percent of Americans believe that as a society the United States is focused on the wrong priorities. Supermajorities want to see greater priority given to children, family, community, and a healthy environment. Americans also want a world that puts people ahead of profits, spiritual values ahead of financial values, and international cooperation ahead of international domination. These Earth Community values are in fact widely shared by both conservatives and liberals.
Our nation is on the wrong course not because Americans have the wrong values. It is on the wrong course because of remnant imperial institutions that give unaccountable power to a small alliance of right-wing extremists who call themselves conservative and claim to support family and community values, but whose preferred economic and social policies constitute a ruthless war against children, families, communities, and the environment.
The distinctive human capacity for reflection and intentional choice carries a corresponding moral responsibility to care for one another and the planet. Indeed, our deepest desire is to live in loving relationships with one another. The hunger for loving families and communities is a powerful, but latent, unifying force and the potential foundation of a winning political coalition dedicated to creating societies that support every person in actualizing his or her highest potential.
In these turbulent and often frightening times, it is important to remind ourselves that we are privileged to live at the most exciting moment in the whole of the human experience. We have the opportunity to turn away from Empire and to embrace Earth Community as a conscious collective choice. We are the ones we have been waiting for.
......................................................................................................................................................................
David Korten is co-founder and board chair of the Positive Futures Network. This article draws from his book, The Great Turning: From Empire to Earth Community. Go to www.yesmagazine.org/greatturning for book excerpts, related articles, David's talks, and resources for action.
http://www.yesmagazine.org/article.asp?ID=1463
Thursday, April 9, 2009
Alternative Agenda for a New Economy
Alternative Agenda for a New Economy
by Dick Burkhart, March, 2009
(1) Develop a new global financial and trade system to serve a transparent, equitable, and sustainable global economy, based on democratic participation in the creation and governance of this system.
Democratic participation by the peoples of the world is the key, so that the system serves the world, not the selfish interests of the major economic powers. In addition, the primary direction to the participants must be to serve the welfare of future generations, even if this means significant sacrifices by current generations. Even a democracy, without vision, could destroy itself through “ecological overshoot and collapse”.
Democratic participation could be by a variety of means, based on population but also on resources and economic output. However direct election of representatives to a global assembly should be the primary means where feasible. Such an assembly would have the legitimacy to establish policy for the allocation of scarce tax dollars and credit, such as requirements for equity and sustainability that might include taxation of the wealthy, population control, education, public health, environmental restoration, energy efficiency, renewable energy, etc.
(2) Base the global financial system on a global currency, backed by measurable real wealth, issued and regulated by a global bank, with credit directed toward the development of equitable and sustainable cultures, and quantified to prevent inflation or deflation.
The most basic form of measurable real wealth is energy. However it may not be so easily measured until it is produced, i.e., reserves can only be estimated. Also, once produced, it may not be easily stored, such as electricity. So there are many problems to be solved, but, over time, ever more accurate measurements of real wealth can be made. Thus the currency can be made to track real wealth, not phantom wealth, automatically keeping pace with economic “growth” or “decline” and preventing inflation or deflation. A resource managed as a public trust would provide an excellent real wealth backing for a global currency.
Lack of a sound global financial system makes all regions vulnerable to unanticipated shocks, as instabilities propagate without adequate means to control them. This includes wealthy regions, not just poor regions, as in the possibility of a US dollar collapse.
(3) Base the global trade system on rules that favor under-developed regions and poorer communities and that promote self-reliance and basic standards for labor, resources, and the environment.
This means trade biases that permit poorer regions to use limited subsidies or protective measures to promote the development of select industries. It also means lack of export subsidies for mature industries of richer regions. This would also permit a limited amount of protection or subsidy for local enterprise based on cultural and security concerns. To prevent abuse, all protections and subsidies must be approved by a democratically governed agency at a higher level based on standards set at a yet higher level, or at the global level. Thus protections or subsidies at the state or provincial level would be reviewed and approved by a national agency, based on democratically determined continental or global standards, with appeal rights to a higher court.
Broad labor, resource, and environmental standards set at global or regional levels must be interpreted locally in the light of the local culture and its state of development. Thus this function requires agencies and courts that are highly trained in cultural sensitivity.
(4) Manage major natural resources by means that incorporate the true costs to future generations of the depletion or degradation of these resources, with requirements or incentives for ecological restoration where applicable.
Typical means of incorporating true costs are taxes, permits, and various kinds of public trusts or trading mechanisms. These require broadly sponsored scientific studies and monitoring to estimate and revise long term costs, with a bias toward higher costs when there is great uncertainty and very costly or catastrophic worst case scenarios. The IPCC studies on climate change are a good model.
One way for a public trust to manage a resource is to determine a limited number of permits, or production quotas, based on scientific studies and market demand, then to auction these to the highest bidders, using the proceeds to address key issues relevant to the resource. Something like this is already done for some fisheries. It could also be done for forests, water, minerals, etc., with special allocations for subsistence use.
A particular proposal to address green house gas emissions is for “personal carbon allowances”. Each person would be given a carbon allowance for a month, based on a total carbon cap that would decline from year to year. If the person used less than the allowance, the excess could be automatically sold on a computerized market to someone who needed more than the allowance, or the excess could be donated to a charity. A transaction cost on these sales could finance investment to reduce the “carbon footprint”.
(5) Outlaw all complex financial derivatives and regulate useful financial instruments to prevent, or strongly penalize, gambling, leveraging, and usury.
Mortgage backed securities, credit-default swaps, and the like should be banned. Gambling on the stock market or any other markets with borrowed money should be banned. Transactions fees would further dampen speculation and could be an important source of revenue from the national to global levels.
All financial instruments which have the effect of insurance should be regulated as such, with stringent capital requirements to protect against losses. All forms of predatory lending should be banned, with transparent interest rates and fees that correspond to actual risk as determined by agreed upon criteria.
Any money that is created directly or indirectly by any private financial institution must be done in accordance with government policy for the public welfare and must be closely monitored by the government. Capital reserve should be lowest for loans to high priority projects such as wind energy, the rise to 100% for low priority projects, such as luxury resorts. Direct government spending should come first, in terms of what the economy can handle, then private spending.
(6) Regulate and monitor all financial organizations to ensure honesty and transparency, including total separation between accounting, rating, insurance, commercial banking, and investment banking functions.
Reinstate the Glass-Steagall Act in a much stronger form, to build fire-walls between all the functions cited. Outlaw conflicts of interest at rating and accounting firms, and monitor them closely for compliance with relevant public policy and law. Banks should be treated as regulated utilities.
Strictly local businesses would be monitored by state bodies. Corporations doing interstate business would fall under national agencies. Those doing international business would fall under continental or global agencies.
(7) Dismantle any corporation which is “too big to fail”, especially large insolvent banks, and outlaw or penalize mergers and acquisitions unless a public benefit can be demonstrated.
Reinstate effective anti-trust laws. Enforce stringent financial public disclosure requirements for all corporations, but especially financial institutions. Only permit large businesses where there are clear economies of scale. Encourage networking of allied businesses instead of vertical integration, but prohibit monopolistic practices or collusion among competitive businesses.
(8) Adopt highly progressive income, wealth, luxury, and green taxes, and use this revenue for massive government spending on the most critical needs of a sustainable economy.
For example, a trillion dollar green stimulus package could be easily financed by a trillion dollars of these 4 kinds of taxes. This would have dramatic egalitarian benefits as well. A good goal would be the maximum wage proposal: The maximum legal compensation would be no more than 10 times the minimum, including all benefits, perks, stock options, etc. Simply tax away all income above the corresponding level.
Green taxes would be on the use or extraction of non-renewable resources, or where environmental damage is significant. A modest wealth tax might be 2% per year on the current value of family estates valued at over $5 million, with local property taxes deductible. In fact this would be similar to a property tax but would include all wealth, or at least the current market value of all major items. This way most excess wealth would be taxed away in 2 or 3 generations.
(9) Facilitate the transition of business to stakeholder corporate governance for older, larger businesses, and include public representation that matches the scale and scope of the business.
Stakeholder Board directors could represent employees, customers, suppliers, and the public. The idea would be to put a 20 year time limit on new or existing shares, with an automatic transition of share ownership to a stakeholder board from year 16 to year 20. However, corporations would not begin the transition until they have reached a certain size. This would eliminate most stock market gambling, as anticipated dividends would be the primary value of shares, not capital gains. In addition it would ensure that all medium to large corporations serve the public interest, while still encouraging entrepreneurial activity.
A Corporate Governance agency, government chartered and regulated, would oversee this transfer. A similar Corporate Finance agency would provide financial oversight of all businesses via their accountants, but especially those that are larger or not stakeholder governed, to prevent excessive debt, illegal compensation, fraud, and tax evasion, etc. Non-profits would not be subject to stakeholder boards, but would still have some governance and financial oversight, depending on size, with incentives toward at least partial stakeholder governance for larger enterprises.
(10) Facilitate union representation, collective bargaining, and egalitarian pay scales.
This means eliminating the “free rider” option, outlawing retaliation for union organizing, etc. Presumably union/management conflict would be much less with stakeholder boards.
by Dick Burkhart, March, 2009
(1) Develop a new global financial and trade system to serve a transparent, equitable, and sustainable global economy, based on democratic participation in the creation and governance of this system.
Democratic participation by the peoples of the world is the key, so that the system serves the world, not the selfish interests of the major economic powers. In addition, the primary direction to the participants must be to serve the welfare of future generations, even if this means significant sacrifices by current generations. Even a democracy, without vision, could destroy itself through “ecological overshoot and collapse”.
Democratic participation could be by a variety of means, based on population but also on resources and economic output. However direct election of representatives to a global assembly should be the primary means where feasible. Such an assembly would have the legitimacy to establish policy for the allocation of scarce tax dollars and credit, such as requirements for equity and sustainability that might include taxation of the wealthy, population control, education, public health, environmental restoration, energy efficiency, renewable energy, etc.
(2) Base the global financial system on a global currency, backed by measurable real wealth, issued and regulated by a global bank, with credit directed toward the development of equitable and sustainable cultures, and quantified to prevent inflation or deflation.
The most basic form of measurable real wealth is energy. However it may not be so easily measured until it is produced, i.e., reserves can only be estimated. Also, once produced, it may not be easily stored, such as electricity. So there are many problems to be solved, but, over time, ever more accurate measurements of real wealth can be made. Thus the currency can be made to track real wealth, not phantom wealth, automatically keeping pace with economic “growth” or “decline” and preventing inflation or deflation. A resource managed as a public trust would provide an excellent real wealth backing for a global currency.
Lack of a sound global financial system makes all regions vulnerable to unanticipated shocks, as instabilities propagate without adequate means to control them. This includes wealthy regions, not just poor regions, as in the possibility of a US dollar collapse.
(3) Base the global trade system on rules that favor under-developed regions and poorer communities and that promote self-reliance and basic standards for labor, resources, and the environment.
This means trade biases that permit poorer regions to use limited subsidies or protective measures to promote the development of select industries. It also means lack of export subsidies for mature industries of richer regions. This would also permit a limited amount of protection or subsidy for local enterprise based on cultural and security concerns. To prevent abuse, all protections and subsidies must be approved by a democratically governed agency at a higher level based on standards set at a yet higher level, or at the global level. Thus protections or subsidies at the state or provincial level would be reviewed and approved by a national agency, based on democratically determined continental or global standards, with appeal rights to a higher court.
Broad labor, resource, and environmental standards set at global or regional levels must be interpreted locally in the light of the local culture and its state of development. Thus this function requires agencies and courts that are highly trained in cultural sensitivity.
(4) Manage major natural resources by means that incorporate the true costs to future generations of the depletion or degradation of these resources, with requirements or incentives for ecological restoration where applicable.
Typical means of incorporating true costs are taxes, permits, and various kinds of public trusts or trading mechanisms. These require broadly sponsored scientific studies and monitoring to estimate and revise long term costs, with a bias toward higher costs when there is great uncertainty and very costly or catastrophic worst case scenarios. The IPCC studies on climate change are a good model.
One way for a public trust to manage a resource is to determine a limited number of permits, or production quotas, based on scientific studies and market demand, then to auction these to the highest bidders, using the proceeds to address key issues relevant to the resource. Something like this is already done for some fisheries. It could also be done for forests, water, minerals, etc., with special allocations for subsistence use.
A particular proposal to address green house gas emissions is for “personal carbon allowances”. Each person would be given a carbon allowance for a month, based on a total carbon cap that would decline from year to year. If the person used less than the allowance, the excess could be automatically sold on a computerized market to someone who needed more than the allowance, or the excess could be donated to a charity. A transaction cost on these sales could finance investment to reduce the “carbon footprint”.
(5) Outlaw all complex financial derivatives and regulate useful financial instruments to prevent, or strongly penalize, gambling, leveraging, and usury.
Mortgage backed securities, credit-default swaps, and the like should be banned. Gambling on the stock market or any other markets with borrowed money should be banned. Transactions fees would further dampen speculation and could be an important source of revenue from the national to global levels.
All financial instruments which have the effect of insurance should be regulated as such, with stringent capital requirements to protect against losses. All forms of predatory lending should be banned, with transparent interest rates and fees that correspond to actual risk as determined by agreed upon criteria.
Any money that is created directly or indirectly by any private financial institution must be done in accordance with government policy for the public welfare and must be closely monitored by the government. Capital reserve should be lowest for loans to high priority projects such as wind energy, the rise to 100% for low priority projects, such as luxury resorts. Direct government spending should come first, in terms of what the economy can handle, then private spending.
(6) Regulate and monitor all financial organizations to ensure honesty and transparency, including total separation between accounting, rating, insurance, commercial banking, and investment banking functions.
Reinstate the Glass-Steagall Act in a much stronger form, to build fire-walls between all the functions cited. Outlaw conflicts of interest at rating and accounting firms, and monitor them closely for compliance with relevant public policy and law. Banks should be treated as regulated utilities.
Strictly local businesses would be monitored by state bodies. Corporations doing interstate business would fall under national agencies. Those doing international business would fall under continental or global agencies.
(7) Dismantle any corporation which is “too big to fail”, especially large insolvent banks, and outlaw or penalize mergers and acquisitions unless a public benefit can be demonstrated.
Reinstate effective anti-trust laws. Enforce stringent financial public disclosure requirements for all corporations, but especially financial institutions. Only permit large businesses where there are clear economies of scale. Encourage networking of allied businesses instead of vertical integration, but prohibit monopolistic practices or collusion among competitive businesses.
(8) Adopt highly progressive income, wealth, luxury, and green taxes, and use this revenue for massive government spending on the most critical needs of a sustainable economy.
For example, a trillion dollar green stimulus package could be easily financed by a trillion dollars of these 4 kinds of taxes. This would have dramatic egalitarian benefits as well. A good goal would be the maximum wage proposal: The maximum legal compensation would be no more than 10 times the minimum, including all benefits, perks, stock options, etc. Simply tax away all income above the corresponding level.
Green taxes would be on the use or extraction of non-renewable resources, or where environmental damage is significant. A modest wealth tax might be 2% per year on the current value of family estates valued at over $5 million, with local property taxes deductible. In fact this would be similar to a property tax but would include all wealth, or at least the current market value of all major items. This way most excess wealth would be taxed away in 2 or 3 generations.
(9) Facilitate the transition of business to stakeholder corporate governance for older, larger businesses, and include public representation that matches the scale and scope of the business.
Stakeholder Board directors could represent employees, customers, suppliers, and the public. The idea would be to put a 20 year time limit on new or existing shares, with an automatic transition of share ownership to a stakeholder board from year 16 to year 20. However, corporations would not begin the transition until they have reached a certain size. This would eliminate most stock market gambling, as anticipated dividends would be the primary value of shares, not capital gains. In addition it would ensure that all medium to large corporations serve the public interest, while still encouraging entrepreneurial activity.
A Corporate Governance agency, government chartered and regulated, would oversee this transfer. A similar Corporate Finance agency would provide financial oversight of all businesses via their accountants, but especially those that are larger or not stakeholder governed, to prevent excessive debt, illegal compensation, fraud, and tax evasion, etc. Non-profits would not be subject to stakeholder boards, but would still have some governance and financial oversight, depending on size, with incentives toward at least partial stakeholder governance for larger enterprises.
(10) Facilitate union representation, collective bargaining, and egalitarian pay scales.
This means eliminating the “free rider” option, outlawing retaliation for union organizing, etc. Presumably union/management conflict would be much less with stakeholder boards.
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